The European Economic Area (EEA) with three pillars (current two: EU and EFTA, and CEFTA as the third one) is the optimal solution that brings European countries under one roof. For many non-EU member states it is almost impossible to fulfil most of criteria and conditions, and become full EU member states in the near future.
| EU Member States | EFTA Member States | CEFTA Members |
| Austria | Iceland | Albania |
| Belgium | Liechtenstein | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Bulgaria | Norway | Moldova |
| Croatia | Montenegro | |
| Cyprus | North Macedonia | |
| Czechia | Serbia | |
| Denmark | UNMIK (on behalf of Kosovo) | |
| Estonia | ||
| Finland | ||
| France | ||
| Germany | ||
| Greece | ||
| Hungary | ||
| Ireland | ||
| Italy | ||
| Latvia | ||
| Lithuania | ||
| Luxembourg | ||
| Malta | ||
| Netherlands | ||
| Poland | ||
| Portugal | ||
| Romania | ||
| Slovakia | ||
| Slovenia | ||
| Spain | ||
| Sweden |